Andes Virus Overview: Transmission, Symptoms, and Prevention Guidance

Andes virus is a South American hantavirus that causes Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS), a severe respiratory illness. Unlike other hantaviruses, it is the only known to spread person-to-person through close contact, prolonged proximity in enclosed spaces, or exposure to body fluids of infected individuals. Rodent-to-human transmission occurs via contact with infected rodents or contaminated surfaces. Early symptoms mirror influenza—fever, headache, muscle pain, cough, and gastrointestinal complaints—typically appearing 4–42 days after exposure. Disease progression can be rapid. There is currently no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine; management is supportive. Prevention strategies include avoiding rodent-infested areas in South America, maintaining hand hygiene, and minimizing close contact with symptomatic individuals.